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Econ-o-rama: Economic Complexity

chaos A Brave Army of Heretics -economicprincipals.com

For the last 125 years, however, ever since the views of Leon Walras and other theorists of general equilibrium became encoded in a famous textbook of Alfred Marshall (or, rather, partially encoded), technical economists have viewed the economy as a system in which individuals deal with one another only through the market mechanism, reacting to signals about prices and quantities as if they were determined by some central authority, best thought of as an auctioneer. Individual actors adapt as best they can to market signals which they are powerless to affect, until some sort of balance between supply and demand is achieved. Then things settle down and no individual has any reason to change his behavior, unless some external “shock” to the system occurs.

Prior to sub-prime implosion, the risk management techniques were derived from this same theoretical viewpoint on how people interact with one another in the markets. The theories were misguided and flat-out wrong. Real risk is far more complex. To complex, in fact, for the quants to get a handle on pushing pencils and punching numbers on their geeky HP calculators. So they chose instead to just ignore the risks they could not explain, or write formulas to manage. Misguided, unpracticed, collegiate theories. Same thing that happened to LTCM. They didn’t learn then and they aren’t learning now, because money managers making the same mistakes speculating in China and commodities, which is where they’ve got your pension tucked away, also safe and sound, yeah right.

The Introspective Speculator

frankincense How Fairness Is Wired In The Brain -ScienceDaily.com

Now, researchers at the California Institute of Technology have discovered that reason struggles with emotion to find equitable solutions, and have pinpointed the region of the brain where this takes place. The concept of fairness, they found, is processed in the insular cortex, or insula, which is also the seat of emotional reactions.

“The emotional response to unfairness pushes people from extreme inequity and drives them to be fair,” Quartz says. This observation, he adds, suggests that “our basic impulse to be fair isn’t a complicated thing that we learn.”

This may explain why greedy people generally seem to be associated with the cruel and heartless, or rather the other way ’round, people lacking emotion can be greedy without concern for fairness, as there is less emotional response to unfairness. Think CEOs.

Taste for Quick Boost Tied to Taste for Risk -NYT

Health researchers have identified a surprising new predictor for risky behavior among teenagers and young adults: the energy drink.

Getting Good -Scienceblogs.com

I realized that writing is no different than any other craft or skill. It takes time and effort and the ability to tolerate lots of mistakes. You need to write lots and lots of bad sentences before you can begin to write some good sentences.

My experiment with smart drugs -Authors site

Perplexed, I got up, made a sandwich – and I was overcome with the urge to write an article that had been kicking around my subconscious for months. It rushed out of me in a few hours, and it was better than usual. My mood wasn’t any different; I wasn’t high. My heart wasn’t beating any faster. I was just able to glide into a state of concentration – deep, cool, effortless concentration. It was like I had opened a window in my brain and all the stuffy air had seeped out, to be replaced by a calm breeze.

Frankincense lowers anxiety in mice -Boing Boing

In a new study appearing online in The FASEB Journal, an international team of scientists, including researchers from Johns Hopkins University and the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, describe how burning frankincense (resin from the Boswellia plant) activates poorly understood ion channels in the brain to alleviate anxiety or depression.

Older Brain Really May Be a Wiser Brain -NYT

When older people can no longer remember names at a cocktail party, they tend to think that their brainpower is declining. But a growing number of studies suggest that this assumption is often wrong.

Instead, the research finds, the aging brain is simply taking in more data and trying to sift through a clutter of information, often to its long-term benefit.

For example, in studies where subjects are asked to read passages that are interrupted with unexpected words or phrases, adults 60 and older work much more slowly than college students. Although the students plow through the texts at a consistent speed regardless of what the out-of-place words mean, older people slow down even more when the words are related to the topic at hand. That indicates that they are not just stumbling over the extra information, but are taking it in and processing it.

Video Games Can Make Us Creative If Spark Is Right -ScienceDaily.com

Video games that energize players and induce a positive mood could also enhance creativity, according to media researchers.

“You need defocused attention for being creative,” said S. Shyam Sundar, professor of film, video and media studies at Penn State. “When you have low arousal and are negative, you tend to focus on detail and become more analytical.”

Another kind of economic elasticity

Wikipedia defines economic elasticity as follows:

In economics, elasticity is the ratio of the proportionate change in one variable with respect to proportional change in another variable, such as the responsiveness of the price of a commodity to changes in market demand or visa-versa. In terms of elasticity, a market or good can be described as elastic or inelastic as a means of describing its responsiveness to the proportionate change in another quantity.

But economies also have physical elasticity properties. I was reminded of this reading Why Doesn’t Spaghetti Break in Half? Economies can bend and spring back, and when they break, it’s not a simple, single fracture.

Unfortunate Fortune: Shockingly Pathetic Stock Picks from 2000

It’s Fortune magazine, August 2000, Special Investors Issue, Retire Rich

Article: 10 Stocks to Last the Decade

And here’s the list:

Stock Ticker Price P/E Comment
Broadcom BRCM $237 255 Maker of chips used in the next generation of entertainment devices
Charles Schwab SCH $36 56 Former discount broker that has grown up along with its boomer clients
Enron ENE $73 51 Biggest online broker for coal, oil, and gas; next up — broadband
Genentech DNA $150 128 Offers a huge pipeline of promising drugs, plus a topflight sales force
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter MWD $89 18 Just passed Goldman Sachs as the top M&A firm in the world
Nokia NOK $54 75 Mobile-phone maker now moving into “smart” appliances
Nortel Networks NT $77 114 75% of U.S. Internet Traffic travels through its equipment
Oracle ORCL $74 86 Onetime database firm that has become an e-commerce must-own
Univision UVN $113 122 Biggest Spanish-language TV programmer in the country
Viacom VIA $69 96 Owns a stable of media brands like CBS, MTV, and Paramount Pictures

 

Where are they now?:

Stock Ticker Price P/E Comment
Broadcom BRCM $28 68 Stock split in 2006
Charles Schwab SCHW $22 11 Delisted from the NYSE, moved to NASDAQ.
Enron ECSPQ $0.08 0.35 Bankrupt. Trading Over the Counter
Genentech DNA $70 24 Split twice, once right after the article was written and again in 2004
Morgan Stanley MS $47 27 Caught up on mortgage meltdown, bailed out by a Chinese company
Nokia NOK $29 10 Traded as low as $11 a share
Nortel Networks NT $8 - Fell on hard times immediately following the article. Did 1:10 reverse split in 2006. So you can think of the stock as 80 cents.
Oracle ORCL $22 22 Split soon after the article. Hit a low of $8.
Univision - - - Taken private at $36 / share
Viacom VIA $39 14  

Of the ten companies, the only one that would have made money over the past eight years was Genentech. Just roughing it, I’d say you would have lost somewhere between 50% and 75% of your investment on these babies. Nice picks.

Alternative Investments

NYSE Jumps on the Spac Bandwagon

SPACs, which raise money to buy a company that isn’t even identified yet, have become hugely popular, even as many traditional companies have decided to cancel or postpone their initial public offerings. In previous decades, an earlier version of Spacs known as blank checks were widely associated with fraud, but exchanges have become more comfortable with these vehicles in their newer form.

So does this mean they prefer unfair value?

Why CFOs Hate Fair Value

The theory of fair value is that a company’s financial statements are most useful to investors if the company’s assets and liabilities are constantly reported at market value. Traditionally, companies reported their assets and liabilities at historic cost—that is, what they paid for them.

Black swans spotted on the flyover

blackswan I happened on an article about black swans, as Nassim Taleb had recently been speaking at a CFA (Chartered Financial Androids) function and a reporter for the Financial Times was in attendance, blogging, not reporting, because as we all know the two are very different. I wondered with all the talk of recession, and with The Black Swan having been on the New York Times bestseller list, whether people had adopted the term. A quick search of Google News brought back several articles, but hardly a widespread adoption.

Why not? I mean this is a bestseller we’re talking about with Black Swan plastered on the cover in big, bold, black letters over a non invasive white back ground. People talked about who cut the cheese and chicken soup for at least six months, and we had to hear about the 7 Hobbits of Highly Effective People for the entire 90s. Well, Nassim doesn’t tell people what they want to hear, nor does he provide much in the way of solutions that people are agreeable to. He’s a bubble burster. Essentially, avoiding a black swan is akin to avoiding a hurricane, move to the mountains, so from the readers perspective it really says, we’re screwed. People aren’t willing to give up a little comfort today to avoid a future risk that they cannot anticipate or even identify.

In a sense, Black Swan speaks more to the people we entrust to manage our savings than to the masses. I say savings because that’s how we think of the money we put in mutual funds these days, even though the government does not classify it as such for the purposes of calculating savings rates. That’s why I think we should refer to ourselves not as savers or investors, but savestors. Black Swan says modern risk management practices suck. And they do. They suck really bad.

I know, I worked for really big insurance companies for a number of years and the people in charge of calculating risk there all had really big heads and minds shut tighter than a submarine. There’s no way anything remotely qualitative was going to find it’s way in there. Is it really any wonder so many banks and insurance companies are in financial trouble today?

For a decade Nassim and other financial thinkers have been pointing out the problems with VAR (value at risk) and other tools used by the quantitative risk management set. Did they listen? Apparently, not. Banks and insurance companies are run by risk robots and chartered financial androids information reporting up to MBA Cyborgs.

But hey, here’s a guide to getting around one possible black swan: Survive a Zombie Apocalypse. Tips include weaponry effective against zombie attacks, keeping your head as in your wits. I’m adding to this, if they are brain eating zombies then wear a helmet, duh. These techniques might also be effective on the disgruntled actuary who loses his job and his mind then decides to shoot up the office building. Since no actuary has every been laid off before, you know they won’t take it very well. That is, unless the insurance companies and banks decide they need even more actuaries and CFAs to manage their risk.

Links:

Only now are our money managers considering the not so quantitative:

After subprime fiasco, risk models may weigh human behavior


Quantitative methods remain, but social sciences added to mix

A failure to properly evaluate the risk and pricing of collateralized debt obligations and other structured debt products was one of the problems that brought turmoil to the securitization market last year.

Industry experts are now saying market participants shouldn’t rely exclusively on mathematical models but should also use the social sciences to understand behaviors—of home owners, for instance. They’re also calling for more disclosure and more transparency from market participants.

Duh

The Good Stuff: Nassim Taleb, Author Of “The Black Swan” Interview

Looking For the Black Swan

Buffett Vs. The Black Swan

Seeing the black swans coming

So if Taleb is so clever…

Commentary: But where’d the hops go?

hops Ever since liquor stores started sticking notes on their coolers letting us know that the price of my beloved beer would have to go up due to the rising price hops, I’ve assumed it something to do with either the cost of fuel or the displacement of hops crops by corn being turned into ethanol.

I’d occasionally see articles about, which spoke vaguely about some sort of shortage of the crop so necessary to the beer making process. There was something about a blight in Washington and something about weather in Europe, but again very vague, and somewhat suspect with so little supporting data, none to be exact.

Curiosity got the better of me and I began a preliminary investigation into this missing hops matter. Across the board began to become clearer and clearer that pretty much no one writing about hops had any clue whatsoever what they were talking about, assumed their reader would be likewise uneducated, lazily following off of the existing scribbles, and journalistically getting the obligatory quotes by calling up a local brew pub to ask them about what they had done to hedge hops prices. Naturally, such a subject warrants a field trip to the local brew pub to see just what a hops is, since no one really seems to know, and the influence of the hopsmeisters secret stash showed through in the writing. They all have a secret stash in the back don’t they, ahat special, super-potent, uber-beer that the public never gets to saviour?

hops2 It seems that about the only thing that is really known with any certainty is that brewers are paying eight to 20 times more for the ingredient. Almost universally, it is suggested that the small brewer is taking a beating on hops because they failed to protect themselves by hedging this mysterious hop crop. But, as it turns out, there’s no exchange trading for hops futures, at least not that I could readily uncover. They traded in New York in the 1800s and in London up until the 1920s in specialty exchanges, but not since. So if you want a contract for hops, you’d have to do so I presume with a major distributor, and I presume they would only be interested in contracting with large volume customers.

I wanted to know where can I hedge some hops. And that’s where I began to descend into Dante’s depths of devilish missing data. At first glance, I couldn’t see where there was significantly, any shortage in the size of the U.S. hop crop, though stores looked to be down somewhat. Looking at corn as a culprit, it did appear that more corn was being grown in Washington State, the leading hops producer, but that seemed to be offset more by wheat. With hops prices being what they are, growers are beginning to, quite sadly I might add, rip out apple orchards. Hops grows more like grapes and apples, than wheat or corn, and overall it’s a small crop compared to other grains, so corn, as golden as it may be, does not appear to be displacing hops.

So why then have hops become so expensive? Is it demand from the big box brew pubs? Is it because Samuel Adams uses more hops than any other beer maker? Have hedge funds managed to find a way to get in on the game? Thus far all signs are pointing to exports as the culprit. With the once all mighty dollar being what it is today, foreign beer makers would have wanted to import US hops, at least up until the price got to where it was cheaper and easier to buy locally. But it’s all still quite nefarious.

The case of the missing hops, to be continued…

Not so great speculations

dalmore 5 Ways to Go Broke Getting Drunk

When does a shot of scotch cost $3,300? When the bottle’s going for $38,000 and hits $75,000 in a bidding war. Amazing Google capability: Enter ‘number of shots in a liter’ into Google Toolbar and before you hit enter AJAX serves up the answer of 22.5426817 shots, which would get an investor $72,600 in shots with a sip left over for themselves. But I suspect that bottle is going to stay on the shelf, or in the safe, the one behind the picture, for a very long time.

Betting on Volatility in Crocs

This just seems like a really bad idea. Like betting on stocks for the sake of the betting. Go to Vegas! You’ll have more fun, and people bring you drinks while your doing it, perhaps even $3,300 shots if that suits your fancy. Nicolas Cage’s character in Leaving Las Vegas would have lived a really long time at that price.

A White-Collar Sentence of 330 Years

Was it worth it? But the Dalmore 62 Single Highland Malt Scotch Whisky was good while it lasted.

A federal judge sentenced 72-year-old Norman Schmidt last week to a mind-bending 330-year prison sentence after he was found guilty last May of a laundry list of conspiracy and fraud charges. Barring a scientific breakthrough in cryogenic technology, Schmidt will spend the rest of his days behind bars.

Comic T-Shirts for Venture Capitalists